Title IX

Chapter 1: Governance of U.S. Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics: From Play Days to the NCAA—Part 1 (12:43)

As a reflection of their origins in differing philosophical frameworks, women’s and men’s intercollegiate athletics programs evolved in different directions. Through a discussion of the path from play days and sports days to the establishment of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, this chapter provides an overview of women’s intercollegiate athletics from the late 19th century to 1982.

Featuring: Lucinda W. Adams, Doris Corbett, Sue Hager, Steve Langendorfer, Pam Noakes, Carole Oglesby

Chapter 2: Governance of U.S. Women’s Intercollegiate Athletics: From Play Days to the NCAA—Part 2 (14:08)

Although the NCAA had never shown interest in women’s athletics programs and had actively opposed the passage of Title IX, it gained control over women’s intercollegiate athletics in 1982. Topics discussed include the litigation between the AIAW and the NCAA, consequences of merging women’s and men’s intercollegiate athletics programs, and the National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators (NACWAA).

Featuring: Doris Corbett, Pamela Forman, Vikki Krane, Janet Parks, Marcia Saneholtz, Christine Shelton

Chapter 3: Multiple Meanings of Sport for Girls and Women (18:35)

The experiences of 18 sportswomen provide powerful evidence of women’s passion for athletics and competition. Their stories debunk the myth that women are less interested in sport than men.

Featuring: Vivian Acosta, Lucinda W. Adams, Christine Brennan, Linda Carpenter, Doris Corbett, Linda Hardy, Brenda Hollis, Katherine Jamieson, Deborah Slaner Larkin, Donna Lopiano, Mariah Burton Nelson, Carole Oglesby, Janet Parks, Jocelyn Samuels, Marcia Saneholtz, Christine Shelton, Ellen Staurowsky, Athena Yiamouyiannis

Chapter 4: Opportunities for Women Prior to the 1975 Title IX Regulation (20:21)

Before the 1975 Title IX regulation, women’s access to educational and athletics opportunities were limited. They experienced discrimination in areas such as university admissions, academic areas of study and scholarships, residence halls, expectations regarding marital status, and athletics resources. The additional effects of racial segregation exacerbated the situation for female athletes of color. In spite of the difficulties, many women have very fond memories of their sport experiences.

Featuring: Lucinda W. Adams, Christine Brennan, Sue Hager, Linda Hardy, Brenda Hollis, Donna Lopiano, Mariah Burton Nelson, Carole Oglesby, Jocelyn Samuels, Bernice Sandler

Chapter 5: Intended Consequences of Title IX (15:56)

Title IX was designed to create equal access to education, and in many ways, it accomplished that goal. Women who were involved in high schools and college athletics speak to changes they witnessed first hand: increased opportunities for women, improved access to resources, the normalization of women’s athletic participation, and the brighter future that Title IX has made possible for society.

Featuring: Vivian Acosta, Christine Brennan, Linda Carpenter, Carol Cartwright, Doris Corbett, Leslie Heywood, Janet Parks, Teresa Lawrence Phillips, Jocelyn Samuels, Bernice Sandler, Marcia Saneholtz, Sharon Shields